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Analysis of Triple Antibiotic Therapy: Erythromycin, Sulfadiazine and Trimethoprim in Different Edible Chicken Tissues

Marco Sharkawi, Mark Safwat*, Eglal Abdelaleem, Nada Abdelwahab

Erythromycin (ERY) is one of the macrolides used abundantly in veterinary medicines to treat various infections including respiratory, skin and bones. Combination of Sulfadiazine (SFD) and Trimethoprim (TMP) has proven efficacy and is widely used in the treatment of many infectious diseases, due to the efficiency of SFD as a bactericidal and TMP as a bacteriostatic. On the other hand, those residues of antibiotics like ERY, SFD and TMP in animal tissues may have health hazards on humans. A simple and cost effective TLC-densitometric method has been developed to analyse the above mentioned drugs in their dosage form and in spiked chicken muscle and liver samples. Sample preparation was thoroughly studied for extraction and cleaning up trying different extraction methods resulting in using two methanol based extraction steps along with EDTA solution. Moreover, a mixture of chloroform: methanol: ammonia hydroxide solution (33%, v/v) (8.5:1.5:0.1, by volume) was the developing system. In order to obtain the highest possible sensitivity, the separated bands were exposed to iodine vapours in well closed container for 15 minutes and then detection was immediately done at 220 nm. Torsemide was used as internal standard. Linearity was achieved in the ranges of 0.5-10, 0.1-2 µg/band for ERY and SFD, respectively in both spiked muscle and liver samples while for TMP, linearity was proved over the ranges of 0.1-1.8 µg/band for spiked muscle samples and 0.1-1.6 for spiked liver samples. Validation was done in accordance with FDA guidelines for veterinary medicines and all the findings were within the acceptable limits. The method can be utilized to examine the presence of ERY, SFD and TMP in various marketed chicken muscle and liver samples to ensure human safety and maintain public health.