牙科学纲要

牙科学纲要
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国际标准期刊号: 0975-8798, 0976-156X

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牙科材料 2018:通过减压或有袋手术成功保守治疗口腔病变:病例系列 - Akram Belmehdiy - 穆罕默德五世大学

阿克兰·贝尔梅迪

临床错误是护理的可预防的对抗性影响,无论它对患者来说是明显的还是不安全的。这可能包括对疾病、受伤、状况行为、污染或其他缺陷的不正确或零散的发现或治疗。临床错误可能发生在医疗服务框架中的任何地方:诊所、设施、医疗手术场所、专家工作场所、疗养院、药店和患者家中。错误可能包括药物、医疗程序、结论、装备或实验室报告。这些技巧决定了您如何处理以获得更安全的考虑。牙科领域可能会发生导致不友好事件的临床错误。

该节目调查了牙科行为中最容易发生的最常见的临床错误;追溯 ADA 为避免临床错误而提出的建议,并描述如何促进潜在的驾驶员检查和活动,以防止进一步的临床错误

Under this classification there are clinical mistakes identified with wrong estimation of remedial measurement of sedative, absense of pain, or endorsed drugs; blunder in the genuine conveyance of a sedative or absense of pain; and mistake from inappropriate solution of prescription before, or following treatment. Blunder results from an absence of information or comprehension of the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic standards related with drug treatment including drug retention, dissemination, digestion, and end, instrument of activity and general impacts dental medical care suppliers have a commitment to know about these likely mistakes and standards of medication conveyance and recommend medicine as needs be. As far as medication ingestion, consider that any drug applied topically to oral mucous layers will sidestep the entry dissemination, subsequently staying away from first-pass digestion by the liver. Consequently a drug conveyed through mucosal retention can have equivalent or more noteworthy intensity than oral or different courses of organization. For instance, indiscriminant utilization of a prescription, it ought to be valued that a few medications, like diazepam, are extremely dissolvable in lipid and stored into fat tissue, with later delivery during actual work; a thought that is significant when such a medication is given to a competitor or to the geriatric patient.

此外,即使是少量的药物,胎儿组织中的毛发状分散也具有令人印象深刻的开放性。怀孕期间(尤其是妊娠中期)应推迟或仔细考虑药物治疗,以防止出现不利的胎儿情况。影响循环的药物变化是认可错误的另一个预期来源,因为某些处方在使用后发生变化,可能造成伤害2例如,哌替啶(Demerol®)被改为去甲哌替啶,这是一种有毒的代谢物,是一种局部感觉系统兴奋剂,具有半存在15-20小时。由于这种有害代谢物的积累,不断地使用哌替啶会造成损害。

传输的另一部分被认为是微粒体作用的影响,该作用涉及许多药物交流和不友好的影响。据统计,90% 的药物是由细胞色素 P450 化合物利用的(该类化合物至少包含 50 种化学物质)。例如,在患者认可的苯巴比妥(苯巴比妥)中,苯巴比妥会启动 CYP3A4 催化剂(50 种变体之一)的产生,而由该化合物处理的其他推荐处方可能会不太引人注目。联合处方(除 CYP3A4 使用的处方外还添加苯巴比妥)导致的充分性下降将被视为认可错误。此类错误的另外两个实例记得,服用华法林的患者因联合推荐氟康唑(Diflucan®)治疗口腔念珠菌病而改变了凝血功能,以及联合推荐服用辛伐他汀(Zocor®)或Tegretol®的患者服用辛伐他汀(Zocor®)或Tegretol®的肌肉病或横纹肌溶解症与红霉素一起治疗牙科疾病。对于服用 Prozac® 或 Paxil®(抑制 P450 催化剂 - CYP2D6 的运动)认可的缓解疼痛药物(如可待因、氢可酮或羟考酮)的患者,在提供术后护理缓解不适方面可能不太有说服力,这些模型会造成临床错误。

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