地理学与自然灾害杂志
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Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using the Geographic Information System and Analytic Hierarchy Process Technique: Case of Ouagadougou Municipality in Burkina Faso

Halidou KAFANDO1*, Blaise OUEDRAOGO2, Vincent N OJEH3, Alphonse Mare David MILLOGO4, Abou Abdoulaye SOW1

Ouagadougou is highly exposed to the risk of natural disasters such as flooding as a result of poor urban planning, the physical environment and climate change. The aim of this study is to use remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools combined with multi-criteria analysis using Saaty's AHP method to map flood-prone areas in the municipality of Ouagadougou.

The methodological approach adopted is a combination of GIS and Saaty's AHP analysis method. Seven decision criteria considered to be risk factors were selected. These are the hydrographic network, altitude, slope, rainfall, soil types, land use and soil moisture index. These various factors were mapped and classified using the open source software QGIS; standardised, prioritised and aggregated in a GIS environment and analysed using the AHP method.

The results obtained show the map of different flood susceptibility zones in the Ouagadougou municipality. These flood vulnerability zones were classified into five classes of flood susceptibility zones. These are zones of very low vulnerability to flooding (24.48%), low vulnerability (27.93%), medium vulnerability (23.01%), high vulnerability (17.11%) and very high vulnerability (7.47%).

Since data is the foundation of GIS application studies, we suggest collecting and regularly updating satellite images, making high-resolution and precise drone images available for the Ouagadougou commune, creating a free-access data geoportal and training and raising awareness among professionals and disaster managers about the effective use of data. It will also enhance their technical skills in risk mapping and spatial analysis.

This work is a real decision-making tool for the management, prevention and mitigation of flood disaster risks in the Ouagadougou municipality.