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The Effect of Exercise Dose on Blood Lipid in Hypertensive Patients Based on ACSM Recommendations: A Meta-Analysis

Krista Mieriņa, Edite Millere

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases, it often occurs together with dyslipidemia, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Numerous studies have confirmed that exercise can be used as a nonpharmacological treatment option to improve hypertension, but there is a paucity of information on the effects of different exercise doses on lipid levels in hypertensive patients.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effects of different exercise doses on the levels of blood lipids Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in hypertensive patients.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials on the effects of exercise on patients with hypertension were searched in four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane. All searches were conducted from the time of database construction to May 2023. Literature data were extracted independently by 2 researchers and evaluated for literature quality. Meta-analysis was performed by applying Stata 16.0 software.

Results: A total of 19 papers comprising 26 studies with 1458 patients were included. 8 studies were categorized as having high adherence to ACSM and 18 as having low or uncertain adherence to ACSM. Four outcome indicators, the SMD ratios for exercise interventions with high ACSM adherence versus low or uncertain ACSM adherence were as follows: TC (-0.46: -0.50), TG (-0.61: -0.18), HDL (0.53: 0.30), and LDL (-0.68: -0.23).

Conclusion: The results showed that exercise interventions with high ACSM adherence had more significant effects on lipid levels in hypertensive patients than those with low or uncertain ACSM adherence. From the differences in outcome indicators, high ACSM adherence exercise improved TG, LDL and HDL more significantly, which can effectively reduce TG and LDL and enhance HDL levels, but the improvement effect on TC was not obvious.