营养与食品科学杂志
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2003-2009 年日本国家健康和营养调查中日本老年人贫血患病率和营养状况的改善

Imai E、Nakade M、Kasaoka Tsuboyama 和 Takimoto H

Objectives: This study aimed 1) to examine the trends in the prevalence of anemia of the Japanese elderly population and 2) to evaluate the association between hemoglobin concentrations and diet and lifestyle factors, by using data from a population-based, nationwide cross-sectional survey in Japan, from 2003-2009.
Design: A cross-sectional nationally representative survey.
Setting: Japan.
Participants: A nationally representative sample of 10,606 community dwelling men (n=4656) and women (n=5950) aged 65 years and over.
Measurements: Information on anthropometry, dietary intake status, information on current medication, lifestyle habits, and blood biomarker measurements were obtained from the participants. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin concentrations <130 g/L in men and <120 g/L in women. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for subject age was applied to estimate the effect of survey year to anemia prevalence. Multiple regression analysis was applied to estimate the effect of survey year and clinical, dietary and lifestyle factors to hemoglobin values.
Results: Anemia prevalence was 19.3% in men and 21.7% in women. When adjusted for age, the prevalence of anemia significantly decreased by each survey year in both men (odds ratio: 0.933, 95% confidence interval: 0.899, 0.968, p<0.001) and women (odds ratio: 0.968, 95% confidence interval: 0.939, 0.999, p=0.040). The multivariate model explained 25% and 22% of the variance in hemoglobin values in men and women, respectively. In both men and women, each unit of increase in BMI, daily smoking, serum ferritin and albumin was positively associated to hemoglobin values, and age was negatively associated. After adjusting for all factors, hemoglobin values were estimated to increase 0.66 g/L per year in men, and 0.68 g/L per year in women.
Conclusion: 近年来，从贫血患病率和血红蛋白浓度来看，日本老年人的营养状况有所改善。